Backup Strategy
Don\'t lose 30 years of photos to one bad day.
The 3-2-1 rule
The pros\' rule for protecting important data:
- 3 copies of every file you care about.
- On at least 2 different types of media (e.g., computer + external drive).
- With at least 1 copy off-site (cloud or at a relative\'s house).
Sounds complicated. It isn\'t — most of this happens automatically.
Mac — Time Machine (free, built in)
- Buy an external hard drive ($60-$100 for 2TB).
- Plug it into Mac.
- Pop-up asks "Use this for Time Machine?" → Yes.
- Mac automatically backs up everything every hour. Forever.
- If your computer dies — buy a new one, plug in the drive, follow the on-screen restore.
Windows — File History (free, built in)
- Plug in an external drive.
- Settings → Update & Security → Backup → Add a drive → pick yours.
- Turn on "Automatically back up my files".
- Or use the included Windows Backup tool (Settings → Accounts → Windows Backup).
Off-site backup (the 1 in 3-2-1)
If your house has a fire or flood, the local backup drive is destroyed too. You need a copy somewhere else. Three approaches:
- Cloud sync (free path) — turn on iCloud Photos, Google Photos, or OneDrive. Photos auto-upload. Use this even if you don\'t pay for storage — the free tier protects recent stuff.
- Backblaze ($9/month) — backs up your ENTIRE computer to the cloud. Set and forget. Best disaster-prevention.
- Two external drives — back up to one weekly, swap with a second drive at a friend or family member\'s house. Cheap, no subscription.
What to back up
- Photos and videos — irreplaceable.
- Documents (PDFs of legal papers, tax returns, deeds, wills).
- Email — most email is in the cloud already, but export every few years.
- Contacts — back up your contacts list.
- Music you bought (older iTunes purchases live ONLY on your computer unless you turn on iCloud Music).
Don\'t bother backing up: installed programs (just re-install), system files, downloads folder.
Test restore once a year
Pick one photo from 2 years ago. Find it in your backup. Restore it to a new folder. If it works — your backup works. If it doesn\'t — fix it before you need it.
For most seniors — the simple path
Step 1: Turn on iCloud Photos (or Google Photos) on your phone — photos back up to the cloud automatically. Step 2: Buy a $70 external drive, plug it in, set up Time Machine (Mac) or File History (Windows). That\'s 90% of the protection. Done.