CDs vs Treasuries vs HYSA
Safe places to earn 4%+ on cash.
High-Yield Savings (HYSA)
- Most flexible. Withdraw anytime.
- Currently 4-5% APY.
- Marcus by Goldman Sachs, Ally, SoFi, Discover — all good.
- FDIC-insured up to $250K.
- Best for emergency fund + short-term cash.
- Rate changes with Fed decisions.
CDs (Certificates of Deposit)
- Lock money for 3 months to 5 years.
- Locked rate — won't drop.
- Currently 4-5% for 1-yr CDs.
- Penalty for early withdrawal (3-12 months interest).
- FDIC-insured up to $250K.
- Brokered CDs (via Fidelity/Schwab) — no penalty if sold on secondary market.
- Senior favorite for predictable income.
Treasuries
- Backed by US government — safest.
- T-Bills — 4 weeks to 1 year. 4-5%.
- T-Notes — 2-10 years. 4-5%.
- I-Bonds — 30 yrs, inflation-protected. ~3-4% currently.
- TIPS — Treasury Inflation Protected Securities.
- NO state income tax (big benefit in CA, NY).
- Buy at TreasuryDirect.gov or via brokerage.
Money Market Funds
- At brokerages — Fidelity SPAXX, Vanguard VMFXX.
- Currently 4-5% APY.
- Withdraw anytime.
- NOT FDIC-insured (rare to lose money but possible).
- Government MMFs safest.
- Convenient at brokerage.
CD Ladder
- Split money across 1-yr, 2-yr, 3-yr, 4-yr, 5-yr CDs.
- Each year, one matures — reinvest at then-current rates.
- Liquidity + locked rates.
- Most rate-environment-proof strategy.
- Senior favorite for predictable cash flow.
Tax tip
Treasuries = no state income tax (big in high-tax states like CA, NY, NJ). CDs/HYSA = state + federal tax. In Roth IRA = tax-free everywhere. In Traditional IRA = tax-deferred. For taxable accounts, Treasuries often better than CDs after tax for high-tax-state residents.