Emergency Fund
Cushion for the unexpected.
How much?
- 3-6 months of expenses minimum.
- Seniors — 6-12 months ideal.
- $10,000 baseline for most.
- Higher if home or pet.
- Includes insurance deductible.
- Easy access — no penalty withdrawal.
Where to keep
- High-yield savings — 4-5% APY currently.
- Marcus, Ally, Capital One 360.
- Online banks — better rates.
- FDIC-insured up to $250K.
- Withdrawals 1-3 days.
- Skip CDs (penalty for withdrawal).
Senior emergencies
- Medical bills not covered.
- Home repair (roof, HVAC).
- Car repair / replacement.
- Pet emergency.
- Family member crisis.
- Hospital co-pay.
- Insurance gap month.
Build slowly
- Start with $1,000 baby step.
- Auto-transfer $50/wk.
- Tax refund into emergency.
- Birthday money in.
- Dollar General savings = real.
- Year of $50/wk = $2,600 cushion.
When to use
- Real emergency only.
- Holiday spending = NOT emergency.
- Vacation = NOT emergency.
- Roof leak = emergency.
- Hospital bill = emergency.
- Refill within 3 months.
Replace credit cards
- Don't emergency = credit card.
- Interest 20%+ buries seniors.
- Cash = no debt fight.
- Sleep better.
- Smaller emergencies fund.
- Big emergencies = additional sources OK.
Sources beyond fund
If emergency exceeds fund: home equity line, tax-free Roth withdrawal, family loan, payment plans (most providers offer). NEVER payday loans (predatory). NEVER "reverse mortgage to fix problem" (drains equity). Emergency fund first defense. Other sources as backup.