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    Plumbing Basics

    Save plumber visits. Know when to call.

    EMERGENCY: shut off water

    • Main shutoff usually basement.
    • Or near water meter.
    • Practice now — don't wait.
    • Label it clearly.
    • Tell family location.
    • Could save thousands in damage.

    Clogged toilet

    • Plunger first — flange type.
    • Slow + steady, not hard.
    • 15-20 plunges.
    • If still clogged: snake / auger.
    • Don't use chemicals (damage pipes).
    • Hot water + dish soap can help.

    Slow drain

    • Boil water, pour slowly.
    • Or baking soda + vinegar.
    • Wait 15 min, flush hot water.
    • Drain snake $20 — DIY.
    • Clear hair from sink stopper.
    • Skip Drano (corrodes).

    Running toilet

    • $10 fix usually.
    • Replace flapper at hardware store.
    • YouTube — step-by-step.
    • Tank lid removed first.
    • Test flushes after replace.
    • Saves $100/yr in water.

    Leaky faucet

    • Replace washers ($5).
    • Or full cartridge replacement.
    • Shut off water first.
    • YouTube videos by faucet brand.
    • Drip wastes 3,000 gal/yr.
    • Easy DIY.

    When to call plumber

    • Burst pipe.
    • Sewage backup.
    • No hot water.
    • Frozen pipes.
    • Multiple drains slow.
    • Anything beyond your comfort.
    • $150-400 typical visit.

    Senior tools kit ($50)

    Plunger, drain snake, adjustable wrench, plumber's tape, pipe wrench, spare flapper. YouTube has tutorials for everything. Avoid hiring for $500 what costs $20 to DIY. But never push past comfort. Family member helping = OK. Home Depot rents specialty tools.