Social Security Survivor Benefits: Who Qualifies and How to Apply

When a person who paid into Social Security passes away, their surviving family members may be entitled to monthly benefits from the Social Security Administration (SSA). These are called survivor benefits. And they can provide meaningful financial support during a difficult time. Many people do not realize they may qualify, or they put off applying because the process seems overwhelming.

The amount of the benefit depends on the deceased person's earnings record — specifically, how much they earned and paid into Social Security over their lifetime. Generally speaking, the higher their lifetime earnings, the larger the survivor benefit.

Several categories of people may qualify for survivor benefits. A surviving spouse aged 60 or older (or 50 or older if disabled) may receive benefits based on the deceased spouse's record. A surviving spouse of any age who is caring for the deceased's child under age 16 may also qualify. Unmarried children under age 18 (or up to 19 if still in high school) may qualify. Dependent parents aged 62 or older who relied on the deceased for at least half of their financial support may also qualify.

There is also a one-time lump-sum death payment of $255 available to a surviving spouse who was living with the deceased, or in some cases to dependent children. This must be applied for within two years of the death.

The Social Security Administration strongly encourages people to apply as soon as possible after a loved one's death, because benefits cannot be paid for months before the application date. You cannot apply for survivor benefits online. You must call or visit your local SSA office. The SSA's website at ssa.gov has detailed information. And you can call 1-800-772-1213 to start the process.